Do not get into net through internet

ALLAHABAD: Three fresh cases of internet fraudwere registered in Colonelganj and Civil Lines police stations in last five days. 

With an increase in the number of cyber crime cases, police have asked net lovers to be cautious, while accessing their mails, especially if they get a mail or SMS declaring that they have won a cash prize through national/international lottery. 

DIG/SSP, Ram Kumar while speaking to TOI said, "People should be aware and cautious about such fictitious offer. No doubt, people have become aware against cyber crime, but most people especially women or youngsters are still not aware about the facts related to cyber crime." 

The police claim that last year, as many as 23 such complaints were reported, in which internet users have complained of being cheated and deprived of their cash. 

"If you receive such mail or SMS, verify all the facts and documents before applying, otherwise you may lose your money," alerted the cops. 

According to police, there are three cases wherein interested candidates without consulting the experts or police officials had deposited amounts worth lakhs of rupees with the lottery authorities and then found it to be a big fraud. 

Kusum, a resident of Georgetown had deposited Rs 14 lakh in the given account numbers without inquiring about the authenticity of the email within a gap of three months. The police, while investigating the cases found that most of the cases registered or reported are linked to online lottery frauds. 

Pointedly, if a computer system has been tampered with, it amounts to cyber fraud, but sending a lottery mail to somebody does not amount to tampering and hence, it is not covered under IT Act. It is only punishable under the relevant section of the IPC, officials said. They also pointed out that awareness is increasing among the people. Many of those who get such mails are approaching police officials to know the authenticity of such mails. 

One can even be duped by an email sent in the name of somebody known to the victim. 

Lottery fraud begins with sending the target a declaration email, which says that the receiver of the mail is the lottery winner. In return, those mails seek some basic details. In the subsequent mail, the sender asks about a courier agent, who has been assigned the job of getting the cash transferred, asking a nominal payment of the winning cash (amount).

Source:- http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Facebook to use PhotoDNA to prevent child abuse

Social networking site Facebook is all set to use PhotoDNA to scan account holders’ photos in order to prevent child abuse. This news was announced by Facebook on last Friday.

Chris Sonderby, Facebook assistant general counsel stated that they are planning to use this technology against 2 and 3 hundred million photo images which are uploaded every day.
This will enable them to block users upload, prevent the re-victimisation of children who are represented in those photos and help them to take immediate action.
The technology of PhotoDNA was created by Microsoft and Dartmouth College in the year 2009. It helps to trace digital signatures, and identify matches of pictures that are altered and resized.
This is an efficient technology which will not decrease the use of the network.

Mozilla unveils Firefox 5 beta

 Mozilla has announced to launch a beta version of Firefox. At present Mozilla have three versions of Firefox—beta version with latest features under testing, release version for mainstream users, and the Aurora, a version to launch these new features.

These three versions corresponds to Chrome’s stable, beta, and dev releases. While announcing the release of the Firefox 5 beta, Mozilla posted a blog stating that the latest development will offer users faster performance enhancements, stability improvements and security updates.
The latest version of Firefox was tested for 5 weeks on the Aurora channel before being finally announced.
The new beta will also enable users to switch between the different versions of Firefox by just clicking on change in About Firefox box.

Indian IT expert accuses LinkedIn of slack security

By Ankita Mishra

New Delhi- India based IT expert Rishi Narang has accused social networking site LinkedIn on charges of slack security. According to the reports, Narang has discovered two cookie managing problems.

Cookies are available at the termination of authenticated sessions and an SSL cookie is being utilized without its secure flag set.
Session expiration is indeed a serious issue. As the cookies stay on the machine, post termination of a session a malicious user may use somebody else’s cookies in order to restore a connection to their account.
Narang discovered this flaw at a time, when the cookies were kept on for more than a year rather than being deleted post termination of a particular session.
He also added that a cookie can expire only if a user changes their LinkedIn password, logs in and logs out with a new password.
In the mean time, LinkedIn officials declined to respond to Narang’s critique of the company’s use of a cookie with a one-year expiration.

Source:- http://blackfridaydeals.in

India is a big market for cyber criminals!

By Nikita Agarwal

Mumbai- With cyber crime on the rise these days, cyber crooks in order to target users, have started using Hindi, while drafting mails.

Security firm Symantec has claimed that there is likely to be an increase in spam among regional languages.
India has been a constant target of cyber crimes over the past few years. These included spam attacks and phishing during Diwali to the most recent Cricket World Cup, where users in India were fooled to part with their information and money by India-specific events.
It is indeed very difficult to get hold of these cyber criminals as they are spread everywhere.
Cybercrime like that of the internet knows no boundaries. Presently cyber criminals are specially targeting inhabitants of tier I and tier II cities.
Cyber criminals are also targeting other Hindi-speaking countries including Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh with spam mails in Hindi.

Source:- http://blackfridaydeals.in

CHAT HISTORY FOR FACEBOOK

How do I access my chat history?

If you’re online and chatting with someone, your recent conversation history is available by scrolling up within the chat window. Clicking “Clear Window” will remove this history from your chat window.

A history of all your chats is also included as part of your conversations within Facebook Messages along with all your messages, texts and emails.

If you’d like to delete specific chat messages from a conversation:

1. Open the conversation.
2. Open the Actions menu.
3. Select “Delete Messages…”
4. Check boxes will appear next to each message in the conversation. You can check off the individual messages that you’d like to delete.
5. Click the “Delete Selected” button at the bottom of the conversation.

Note that clicking “Delete All” will delete all messages in the conversation thread.

Unfortunately, this feature is not currently available globally. Only few members of the facebook who have got their facebook email id can use this option. Users who have not got their facebook email id they can use Facebook Chat History Manager to save and view your chat history with friends onFacebook.

Facebook Chat History Manager

Chat history manager Firefox extension which can save your Facebook chat messages in your local environment.
You can view your chat history anytime either online or offline.
Your messages are securely stored and only person passed the security check can view saved messages.Note that all messages are stored in your client, this application won’t store your chat history on server.

Download Facebook Chat History Manager

Installation and usages are pretty simple.

Usages:
*1.Create your account.(Required!)
After extension installed, from Firefox menubar, select Tools, find Facebook Chat History Manager menu, and select Create Account. You’re required to login to facebook. Once login and see “You may now close this window and return to the application.” click “Close login window” on the bottom. Then the create account dialog should open. The chat history manager will save your chat message automatically and silencely.
2.View chat history.
There are two ways:
a: Press Ctrl+Alt+F to open chat history window. This need you login.
b. From Firefox menubar, select Tools, find Facebook Chat History Manager menu, and select View History
3.Delete chat history.
To delete messages, you can select the messages to be deleted then click delete button on the top of view history messages page.
4.Set Preference.
Set messages per page: From Firefox Tools menu, select Add-ons, find Facebook Chat History Manager and select Options.
5.Export chat history.
From Firefox Menubar, select Tools, find Facebook Chat History Manager menu, and select Export History.

Server Hacking

What is it?

Any website site you visit on the internet and any email address you use is stored on a server. If you break into a hosting server you could do things such as changing thousands of big company websites into pointless pages, or more beneficially if the company is selling a product online, collect visitors credit card numbers and other details. Most hackers are eventually caught but if a server offers server-side access, used for items such as guestbooks and form submission, it is a possible target.

How does it happen?

It tends to happen when scripts are being run in a server-side language and passwords are not encrypted or the data is not protected. If a hacker finds a security flaw in a script they may try to exploit it. They do this by either running some code to trick the script into revealing the password or by intercepting it as an authorised member submits the information over the internet.

Not a joke!

Server hacking is a very serious inexcusable offence. If you are taken to court you have no defence and will almost certainly have a prison sentence. The severity of hacking servers was set down in the Data Protection Act 1998, which enforced serious laws about this delicate subject.

Please don't hack illegally, see our legal guide for more information on legal hacking.

Computer Hacking

Introduction

Computer hacking is what everybody fears. It is when some malicious hacker breaks into an innocent (or not so innocent) person's computer. This has happened once to me and once to a friend and I can describe to you both instances. However, hacking computers is difficult. Those who hack are computer professionals having fun - its a sick world.

What are the different types of hacking?

There are two. Hacking into a computer by trying to access its files and trying to access or damage it through a virus. The first is used mainly to obtain specific data while the latter out of a pathetic spite. Both can be equally damaging and it is important to be cautious when browsing the internet.

How do they target you?

Wherever you go on the internet you leave a trail behind you. The first is with your ISP (Internet Service Provider). They can log all the actions you perform on the internet because they carry out all your online actions. You also have and I.P address. This is supplied by your ISP and any website you visit can detect it. It is also attached to any information you send over the internet including e-mails and in chatrooms.

How can you prevent viruses and hackers?

Norton Antivirus is a very popular but over-rated program used to stop viruses. A much better solution would be to useBitdefender. An additional way is to use a firewall. This also helps prevent hackers and so is extra useful. Windows XP has one built in but once again Bitdefender is a good option if you use an older operating system or want a more sophisticated one.

Please don't hack illegally, see our legal guide for more information on legal hacking.

Website Hacking

Introduction

There are two types of website hacking:

1. Hacking to break into password protected sections of the website. (Often Illegal)
2. Hacking so that you can modify or deform a website. NOTE: Criminal Offence

Website Hacking is not uncommon. It is simply trying to break into a site unauthorised. Webmasters can use encryption to prevent this. However, as most website programmers do not use encryption their websites are easy targets. Methods of protection include javascript, asp, php and cgi, but most other server-side languages can also be used. I will show you how to hack websites which use javascript protection.

Javascript protection has never been secure, if you are looking at the source to find the password to client-side protection, you will probably not have any problem finding the password unless it is encrypted. Follow the steps below so that you can understand the basics of hacking websites.

Recently 2 dummy bank sites were launched, the first totally insecure and the second was secured with a firewall. 8 weeks later, both sites were checked. The first without a firewall, averaged a hacking attempt every four minutes, the second, with a firewall, averaged an attack every hour. This just goes to prove how malicious some hackers are.

On this website you will find nothing of such a malicious nature. Building positive white hat hacking skills is a good thing and we encourage it, as do we helping you protect your own site, but bad hat hackers should find a better hobby.

Please don't hack illegally, see our legal guide for more information on legal hacking.

Introduction of Hacking

What is hacking?

Hacking used to be defined as "One who is proficient at using or programming a computer; a computer buff." However, this use has been turned around now, to mean that of a cracker - "One who uses programming skills to gain illegal access to a computer network or file." This information is about this second meaning, cracking. Before we begin I would like to point out that hackers HATE crackers, crackers have given them a bad name.

The main differences between the two are that hackers try to make things, crackers try to break things. Hackers made the Internet what it is today. Hackers program websites (among other things) and they do not try and harm the work of others as is thought in todays society. However, as the word hacker is now in such popular use that it is thought it means cracker - I will use the words hacking and cracking for describing these cracking methods.

Hacking is not a simple operation or sequence of commands as many people think. Hacking is a skill. To hack you must change and adapt your approach depending on the obstacles you come across. Hacking is not a specific term, there are many types of hacking. On this site I will discuss and explain the different types of hacking and demonstrate some basic tools.

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Why hack?

Some people, known as crackers, get a kick out of harming people, their work, and their websites. But the real hackers get a kick out of programming, improving and helping the web, the difference is enormous. Crackers sometimes hack into websites in order to prove they can - that is sad. Cracking is a term also given to those who try to break software in order to make them free or distribute them, this is the same group of sad people.

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What are the different types of hacking?

There are three main types:

1. Hacking into hidden or password protected pages of a website.
2. Hacking into other people's computers while they are online.
3. Hacking into company servers to read important information or distribute viruses.

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Which is worse?

Although they are all illegal Number 1 is the least serious and the most commonly practised. This is because it is so easy and some areas are legal. There are also many tools on the internet which encourage these practices. If you are making your own website then the "Protect your website" section will be of particular interest.

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Where is hacking illegal?

Hacking is illegal in most countries because of the invasion of privacy which can occur from hacking. The other main issue is damage, either manually or through viruses. Deleting specific files can render a computer useless in a matter of minutes. There are some countries or states which do not press charges for hacking because they consider it just another advance in computer technology. However, even if you live in a state where hacking is legal (which is unlikely), unless the company, website, or indivual is based in that country you must abide by international rules.

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Why do people hack?

To most there appears to be no reason why hackers should spread viruses and try and destroy companies' computers merely because they can. However it is clear that hackers enjoy what they do. There are a number of hacking tournaments around the world each year and during these tournaments companies monitor there systems 24 hours a day. Recently there was a Hackers Challenge lasting 6 hours.

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Is hacking servers always the same?

It's is easier to hack Windows than Linux and easier to hack with Linux. This is because Linux is designed to allow the user to issue any commands they want to. Most companies install firewalls and virus filters to try and prevent hackers from breaking in.


Please don't hack illegally, see our legal guide for more information on legal hacking.

10 tips to succeed in IT

Everyone seems to agree that IT is a tough field. But what does it take to overcome the adversities and become a successful IT pro? These qualities may be the key.

I recently wrote a string of articles discussing various reasons to leave IT — and various alternative careers for dissatisfied IT workers. I received an amazing feedback from readers who have always wanted to express similar sentiments. But that leaves out a huge swath of people: those who desperately want a career in IT, as well as those who are caught somewhere in Limbo, trying to answer questions regarding their ability to remain in their chosen field.

So I thought I would go about this topic from another angle to help those people decide whether they’re made up of the stuff necessary for a career in IT. I’m fairly confident everyone agrees it’s a tough field. What everyone may not agree on is what it takes to be a successful IT worker. Let’s see if this list of 10 things fits your qualifications.

1: Thick skin

Let’s face it. Workers in the IT industry get hit hard, from every direction. If you’re not getting your chops busted by someone insisting you get a job done yesterday, you’re getting torn apart because the client’s QuickBooks data file can’t be recovered. It doesn’t seem to matter how much skill you have. If you can’t take the biting comments and accusations of clients, you won’t make it. Thick skin also helps you get through those periods when you, or your boss, doubts those skills you have. You don’t want to have to leave at the end of the day thinking you have failed at every job you’ve done, just because someone had it in for you that day.

 

2: Persistence

The IT industry is an ever-changing landscape, and every day a new problem makes itself known. In some cases, those problems don’t ever seem to want to go away. Without the ability to grapple with an issue for extended periods of time, you might find this industry more of a challenge than you care to take on. Viruses will always be an issue. Updates that tank systems will happen with more consistency than you want to deal with. End users will never really understand how computers work. If you don’t have the persistent, stubborn nature necessary to meet these challenges, get out now or you will be beat down daily.

3: Youth

Although I like to think IT is a field not affected by age discrimination, it really is best suited for the younger professionals. There are numerous reasons for this. First, there are the hours. IT often requires far more hours than the usual 9-t0-5 job. When a company goes down, the administrator must respond — and this could easily mean any time of day, night, or week. Those hours add up and (generally speaking) only the younger workers can keep those types of hours up week after week. Add to that the energy required to keep systems and networks up, and it should be obvious the best IT workers tend to fall into that 25 to 45 age range. The good news? Even if you start at the age of 25, there’s a 20-year career waiting for you.

4: Patience

Users and clients are endlessly frustrating. If you have little or no patience, those people will quickly drive you out of the field. And if they don’t completely drive you away, they will at least drive away your joy for the human race. Without patience, you won’t stand a chance in the IT field. But it’s not only because of the people. Systems will test your patience as well. We’ve all seen the video of the IT admin going ballistic on a PC. It happens. A persistent problem arises and it makes you want to ram your fist down the throat of the PC you’re working on. With enough patience, you will save both your knuckles and your sanity.

5: Skills

This one should go without saying — but I must mention it. Too many times, you see people hop into the field because they managed to get through the MSCE training. But those certified workers quickly realize their classes only prepared them how to walk through a GUI. In the real world, problems arise that require numerous skills to resolve. The skills necessary to work in the IT field don’t end with the ability to properly configure a domain or Exchange server, they tend to be all inclusive. You never know what you’re going to be required to do on a given day. Think about it this way. When you are seen as an IT administrator, you are not only a specialist in DB administration, you are also a walking help desk who will be asked any and all questions related to work and home computers. And if you don’t have the answers for the right person (at the right time), you might find yourself at the back of the line watching someone else with the answers.

6: The ability to improvise

I mean this on many levels. Not only do you need to know how to improvise a conversation. Admit it — there will be times when you’ll have to convince someone that you know exactly what you are doing, even when you don’t. But you will also run into situations where you have to improvise a solution. I have witnessed (and experienced) situations where the prescribed solution simply did not work. When that happens, the only way out is to come up with a solution on your own.

7: A good sense of PR

If you’re a consultant, you have to be your own marketing firm. Most solo consultants do not have the budget to hire out their PR work, so they wind up doing it all on their own. This means social networking, building a Web site, writing and submitting advertisements, old-school networking, and much more. If you can’t do this, your business will flounder. When you go into business for yourself, you must know the best routes for marketing in your area. Whether this is TV, radio, social networks, or flyers, you have to have the motivation and skills to handle that aspect of the business. Although word of mouth is the best PR you can get, it still has to begin somewhere.

8: Connections

This might seem a bit strange, but as a member of the IT field (especially if you’re a solo consultant), you have to have connections in many related and nonrelated industries. For example, you will have customers who need rooms cabled, so you might need someone who can do drywall finishing. You might need to have an electrician in your back pocket. If you don’t have specific skills, you need to know those in the industry who do. The last thing you want to tell a client is that you can’t do something. Instead, you can tell them you will get it done and then subcontract that job. So long as the job gets done and the customer is happy, you will still look good. But if you can’t job something out, and you have to tell the client no, the possibility of that client returning to you grows slimmer and slimmer.

9: The desire to learn

As I mentioned earlier, IT is an ever-changing industry. The minute a technology is released, it is out of date. So anyone wanting to tackle a career in IT must have a strong desire to learn. You will be challenged on a daily basis to learn something new. If you don’t like learning (be it on your own, with another person, or in a classroom), you should forget about IT. Without the desire to learn, you will quickly fall behind the competition. And believe me, it’s a competitive world out there, especially so with the economy still attempting to recover.

10: Passion

Passion for IT is an intrinsic need for every IT worker. If you don’t love technology and solving problems, IT is not the right field for you. That passion is the intangible thing that will often get you through the day when everything else on this list fails. And a strong passion for IT will also drive most of the other points here far beyond what sheer intelligence and business savvy can manage. After years of working in the field, passion will also help you get up every morning excited for the workday ahead. Without passion, the IT field can quickly become an empty, soulless place.

When it’s right

I’ve been pretty hard on the IT industry over the past few months. But ultimately, it is an exciting field to work in. Where else can you play with technology all day, solve problems, and make sure businesses continue to exchange product for currency on a daily basis? But just because you know how to resolve Problem A with Solution X doesn’t mean you are suited for the IT industry. It requires much more than what your local computer science program will teach you. On top of all those Windows, Linux, and Mac skills, you need life, business, and marketing skills (with the added benefit of youth). With all those qualities intact, you are sure to enjoy a long, successful career in the IT field.

Publish date :- 17 May 2011 (Central Chronicle)

3G technology vulnerable to cyber crime

As 3G mobile services are set to be rolled out soon in the country, cyber experts sound a word of caution about the high tech enabled mobile phones, which they say are more vulnerable in the world of technology related crimes.

While the next generation technology aims to make life simpler enabling downloading of movies and music within minutes, it can also be used for various unscrupulous activities.

"With 3G, cell phones will have faster broadband Internet and with such speed you can watch television live, make video calls and download music and movies in no time. But through spying software and virus, the hacker can easily break into your system," says Shubham Sahu, a cyber security expert.

"The hacker can record all the audio conversation and video files. Not many people in India install anti-virus in the phones. I would recommend them to install anti-virus and fireballs while using 3G, says Mukesh Tiwari, who recommends switching off the bluetooth function of the phone when not required to protect the user's password.

Not limited to an individual's privacy issues, the 3G technology will also lead to increase in piracy of films and music, thereby giving a staggering amount of losses to the entertainment industry that is battling the piracy threat.

"It will become extremely easy for anybody to download an entire Bollywood film in few minutes using 3G. This is going to lead to further tremendous growth of websites like torrents"

The Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) points out that Bollywood would be hit most by the 3G and wants service providers to adopt a stricter approach to check cybercrimes.

"Today it takes several hours to download a new release Bollywood film but with 3G it will be in minutes that will encourage people to use illegal means to view a film"

According to a PricewaterhouseCoopers report titled, "Indian 3G broadband subscribers," the mobile subscriber base is projected to cross one billion in 2014. The 3G broadband subscriber base is expected to cross 107 million by 2015.

Laws are there to protect but our police agencies are yet not ready to take-up the cyber crime challenges, especially 3G. They need to be trained to tackle the growing usage of Internet by criminals" says Shubham.

FBI Warns Consumers About bin Laden Emails, Facebook Posts

The U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation warned computer users Tuesday that messages claiming to include photos and videos of Osama bin Laden's death actually contain a virus that could steal personal information.

The FBI said in a press release that emails with supposed links to bin Laden death photos or videos could unleash a virus that can damage computers.

The warning comes as security companies said that they've spotted the first samples of malicious software disguised as photos of the dead Al Qaeda leader.

U.S. authorities do have photos of bin Laden, who was shot in the head during an early morning raid Monday in Pakistan. But these photos have not been released publicly.

The FBI warned Internet users to watch out for fake messages on social network sites and to never download software in order to view a video. "Read e-mails you receive carefully. Fraudulent messages often feature misspellings, poor grammar, and non-standard English," the FBI warning stated.

As a major international news event, bin Laden's death has shown the amazing way information can spread online. Many learned of the terrorist leader's death through Twitter, where the story first broke, or Facebook. But it also underscores how the unfiltered media can quickly spread bad information worldwide.

Cybercriminals, looking to get your personal information by having you click on a link, or spammers trying to get you to buy rogue anti-virus software the same way, are also "liking" Facebook - and Twitter - a lot in recent days to "spread malicious links claiming to be images of bin Laden's death.

Cyber Security Expert Shubham Sahu said that criminals are e-mailing a password-stealing Trojan horse program called Banload to victims, and Symantec said its seen criminals spamming victims with links to fake "Osama dead" news articles that launch Web-based attacks on visitors.

Scammers have also used a technique called search engine poisoning to try to trick search engines into listing hacked Web pages that are loaded with malware in their search results. “It's unlikely you'll find pictures or videos of Bin Laden's death online - but searching for one will certainly take you to sites with malware”

Cyber Security Researcher Mukesh Tiwari says that users are encouraged to cut and paste malicious JavaScript code into their browser, which then sends the message to all of their Facebook friends and never to cut and paste scripts into the browser.

Recommendations for computer users:

•Adjust the privacy settings on social networking sites you frequent to make it more difficult for people you know and do not know to post content to your page. Even a "friend" can unknowingly pass on multimedia that's actually malicious software.

•Do not agree to download software to view videos. These applications can infect your computer.

•Read e-mails you receive carefully. Fraudulent messages often feature misspellings, poor grammar, and nonstandard English

Publish date :- 06.05.2011 (Central Chronicle)

Scenarios and Impacts of Cyber Terrorism

We are currently living in Cyber age, where Internet and computers have major impacts on our way of living, social life and the way we conduct businesses. and owing to this the new kind of crime has evolved that troubles users with the computer more precisely, criminal exploitation of the Internet.

▬ The trafficking, distribution, posting, and dissemination of obscene material including pornography and indecent exposure, constitutes one of the most important Cyber crimes known today. The potential harm of such a crime to humanity can hardly be amplified. This is one Cyber crime which threatens to undermine the growth of the younger generation as also leave irreparable scars and injury on the younger generation, if not controlled

▬ Cyber terrorism is one distinct kind of crime in this category. The growth of internet has shown that the medium of Cyberspace is being used by individuals and groups to threaten the international governments as also to terrorize the citizens of a country. This crime manifests itself into terrorism when an individual "cracks" into a government or military maintained website.

▬ Corporate espionage has shifted grounds — it has now become digital and certainly more dangerous. Planting a mole in a rival company to get sensitive data or hiring a detective firm to get access to company secrets are passé.
Take for instance, the case of a Delhi-based software firm whose sensitive source code data was stolen. The company that was working on one of its software lost its data to hackers.

Cyber criminals target trade secrets and product planning documents that they later sell to rival firms, many people have access to a computer whether at home, school, or a local coffee shop. As a result, cyber crime can be committed from almost anywhere. And for those that aren't computer savvy, falling victim may be easier than you would think. But there are some precautions you can take to help guard you and your family against cyber crime,  Antivirus And Anti spyware Software which are used to restrict backdoor program, trojans and other spy wares to be installed on the computer then there are firewalls which protect a computer network from unauthorized access.

Also there are Cyber ethics and cyber laws are being formulated to stop cyber crimes. It is a responsibility of every individual to follow cyber ethics and cyber laws so that the increasing cyber crimes shall reduce.

Besides these there are several steps you can take to protect your computer from cyber crime.

First, keep your computer's operating system and software updated. Manufacturers will regularly send out patches and fixes to defend your computer from problems. Secondly, install a firewall and make sure that it is turned on at all times. The firewall prevents hackers from gaining access to your computer as well as passwords that you've created. In some cases, when you install new software you need to turn off the firewall briefly. If you do, be sure to turn it back on immediately after installation. Thirdly, install anti-virus software and update it regularly. For best results, have it perform a daily scan to check for computer threats as well as any new software that may need to be installed. Lastly, be careful what you download. Many email attachments contain computer viruses which can be launched upon opening. If you don't know the sender, don't bother opening it. It's not worth the risk of an email virus.
E-mail Scams

• Today's cyber criminals are sophisticated, they can send e-mails that look like they are from reputable companies asking for your personal information. If you aren't aware of how they operate you may unwittingly send them information, which will give them access to your personal account information. Once they have this, they can drain your account of all available funds. Likewise, some criminals will send e-mails posing to be from foreign countries and asking for help with moving money from their country to America. The rule of thumb is, if it sounds too good to be true it probably is. Why would someone you don't know contact you with help moving money and offer you a cut of it? It doesn't add up and your best bet is to delete these e-mails immediately
Peer Sharing
• While it may seem great to swap files over the Internet there are many risks associated with it. Because all parties involved must download software, which allows them to access each others computers, it opens up opportunity for computer hackers to attack your system. Hackers can then release viruses and worms onto your hard drive. And if you didn't properly download the file sharing software, hackers may be able to see the entire contents of you hard drive, not just the drives where your shared files are stored. In addition, file sharing can make your computer the target of child pornography images. It can also result in copyright infringement violations. It's best to not share information with those you don't know, especially over an open connection on the computer. Instead, opt for sharing with those who are your friends and put the information on a flash drive. Also, don't share information that is copyrighted as it opens you up for being sued.

... "EVERY ONE HAS RIGHT TO BE SECURE ONLINE”
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10 best Internet search techniques

These days, everyone is expected to be up to speed on Internet search techniques. But there are still a few tricks that some users — and even savvy searchers — may not be aware of.

Did you hate memorizing seemingly insignificant facts for tests at school? No photographic memory? Good news! Life is now an open-book exam — assuming you have a computer, browser, and Internet access. If you know how to use a good search engine, you don’t have to stuff your mind with facts that are useful only when playing Jeopardy! and Trivial Pursuit.

Chances are, you aren’t the first person to run across the problem you are experiencing. Chances are also good that an answer is awaiting your discovery on the Internet — you just have to remove the irrelevant pages and the unhelpful/incorrect results to find that needle in the haystack.

Google has been fanatical about speed. There is little doubt that it has built an incredibly fast and thorough search engine. Unfortunately, the human element of the Internet search equation is often overlooked. These 10 tips are designed to improve that human element and better your Internet search skills. (Note: All examples below refer to the Google search engine.)

1: Use unique, specific terms

It is simply amazing how many Web pages are returned when performing a search. You might guess that the terms blue dolphin are relatively specialized. A Google search of those terms returned 2,440,000 results! To reduce the number of pages returned, use unique terms that arespecific to the subject you are researching.

2: Use the minus operator (-) to narrow the search

How many times have you searched for a term and had the search engine return something totally unexpected? Terms with multiple meanings can return a lot of unwanted results. The rarely used but powerful minus operator, equivalent to a Boolean NOT, can remove many unwanted results. For example, when searching for the insectcaterpillar, references to the company Caterpillar, Inc. will also be returned. Use Caterpillar -Inc to exclude references to the company orCaterpillar -Inc -Cat to further refine the search.

3: Use quotation marks for exact phrases

I often remember parts of phrases I have seen on a Web page or part of a quotation I want to track down. Using quotation marks around a phrase will return only those exact words in that order. It’s one of the best ways to limit the pages returned. Example: “Be nice to nerds”.Of course, you must have the phrase exactly right — and if your memory is as good as mine, that can be problematic.

4: Don’t use common words and punctuation

Common terms like a and the are called stop words and are usually ignored. Punctuation is also typically ignored. But there are exceptions. Common words and punctuation marks should be used when searching for a specific phrase inside quotes. There are cases when common words like theare significant. For instance, Raven and The Raven return entirely different results.

5: Capitalization

Most search engines do not distinguish between uppercase and lowercase, even within quotation marks. The following are all equivalent:

• technology
• Technology
• TECHNOLOGY
• “technology”
• “Technology”

6: Drop the suffixes

It’s usually best to enter the base word so that you don’t exclude relevant pages. For example, birdand not birds, walk and not walked. One exception is if you are looking for sites that focus on the act of walking, enter the whole term walking.

7: Maximize AutoComplete

Ordering search terms from general to specific in the search box will display helpful results in a drop-down list and is the most efficient way to use AutoComplete. Selecting the appropriate item as it appears will save time typing. You have several choices for how the AutoComplete feature works:

Use Google AutoComplete. The standard Google start page will display a drop-down list of suggestions supplied by the Google search engine. This option can be a handy way to discover similar, related searches. For example, typing in Tucson fast will not only bring up the suggestionTucson fast food but also Tucson fast food coupons.

Use browser AutoComplete. Use this Google start page to disable the Google AutoComplete feature and display a list of your previous searches in a drop-down box. I find this particularly useful when I’ve made dozens of searches in the past for a particular item. The browser’s AutoComplete feature must be turned on for this option to work. Click one of these links for instructions detailing how to turn AutoComplete on or off in I.E. and Firefox.

Examples:

• Visual Basic statement case
• Visual Basic statement for
• Visual Basic call

8: Customize your searches

There are several other less well known ways to limit the number of results returned and reduce your search time:

• The plus operator (+): As mentioned above, stop words are typically ignored by the search engine. The plus operator tells the search engine to include those words in the result set. Example: tall +and short will return results that include the word and.
• The tide operator (~): Include a tilde in front of a word to return results that include synonyms. The tilde operator does not work well for all terms and sometimes not at all. A search for ~CSS includes the synonym style and returns fashion related style pages –not exactly what someone searching for CSS wants. Examples: ~HTML to get results for HTML with synonyms; ~HTML -HTML to get synonyms only for HTML.
• The wildcard operator (*): Google calls it the fill in the blank operator. For example,amusement * will return pages with amusement and any other term(s) the Google search engine deems relevant. You can’t use wildcards for parts of words. So for example, amusement p* is invalid.
• The OR operator (OR) or (|): Use this operator to return results with either of two terms. For example happy joy will return pages with both happy and joy, while happy | joy will return pages with either happy or joy.
• Numeric ranges: You can refine searches that use numeric terms by returning a specific range, but you must supply the unit of measurement. Examples: Windows XP 2003..2005, PC $700 $800.
• Site search: Many Web sites have their own site search feature, but you may find that Google site search will return more pages. When doing research, it’s best to go directly to the source, and site search is a great way to do that. Example: site:www.intel.com rapid storage technology.
• Related sites: For example, related:www.youtube.com can be used to find sites similar to YouTube.
• Change your preferences: Search preferences can be set globally by clicking on the gear icon in the upper-right corner and selecting Search Settings. I like to change the Number Of Results option to 100 to reduce total search time.
• Forums-only search: Under the Google logo on the left side of the search result page, click More | Discussions or go to Google Groups. Forums are great places to look for solutions to technical problems.
• Advanced searches: Click the Advanced Search button by the search box on the Google start or results page to refine your search by date, country, amount, language, or other criteria.
• Wonder Wheel: The Google Wonder Wheel can visually assist you as you refine your search from general to specific. Here’s how to use this tool:

1. Click on More Search Tools | Wonder Wheel in the lower-left section of the screen (Figure A) to load the Wonder Wheel page.
2. Click on dbms tutorial (Figure B).

Figure A

Figure B

As you can see in Figure C, Google now displays two wheels showing the DBMS and dbms tutorial Wonder Wheels, with the results for dbms tutorial on the right side of the page. You can continue drilling down the tree to further narrow your search. Click the Close button at the top of the results to remove the Wonder Wheel(s).

Figure C

9: Use browser history

Many times, I will be researching an item and scanning through dozens of pages when I suddenly remember something I had originally dismissed as being irrelevant. How do you quickly go back to that Web site? You can try to remember the exact words used for the search and then scan the results for the right site, but there is an easier way. If you can remember the general date and time of the search you can look through the browser history to find the Web page.

10: Set a time limit — then change tactics

Sometimes, you never can find what you are looking for. Start an internal clock, and when a certain amount of time has elapsed without results, stop beating your head against the wall. It’s time to try something else:

• Use a different search engine, like Yahoo!, Bing, Startpage, or Lycos.
• Ask a peer.
• Call support.
• Ask a question in the appropriate forum.
• Use search experts who can find the answer for you.

The bottom line

A tool is only as useful as the typing fingers wielding it. Remember that old acronym GIGO,garbage in, garbage out? Search engines will try to place the most relevant results at the top of the list, but if your search terms are too broad or ambiguous, the results will not be helpful. It is your responsibility to learn how to make your searches both fast and effective.

The Internet is the great equalizer for those who know how to use it efficiently. Anyone can now easily find facts using a search engine instead of dredging them from the gray matter dungeon — assuming they know a few basic tricks. Never underestimate the power of a skilled search expert.